{"id":6581,"date":"2026-02-20T13:36:22","date_gmt":"2026-02-20T13:36:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/avocatbucuresti.ro\/?p=6581"},"modified":"2026-11-07T13:53:52","modified_gmt":"2026-11-07T13:53:52","slug":"the-nullity-of-contracts-when-it-occurs-and-what-it-entails","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/avocatbucuresti.ro\/en\/nulitatea-contractelor-ce-este-cand-apare-si-ce-urmareste\/","title":{"rendered":"Contract invalidity: absolute and relative nullity, time limits and effects"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"translation-block\">\n<p>Nullity is the sanction applicable to a contract concluded in breach of statutory validity requirements, unless the law provides another sanction. The Civil Code distinguishes absolute from relative nullity. Classification depends on the rule breached and the interest it protects; merely alleging an irregularity does not automatically establish invalidity.<\/p><h2>Absolute nullity<\/h2><p>Nullity is absolute where the rule protects a general interest or the law expressly provides that regime. An interested person may invoke it by action or defence, and the court raises it of its own motion under the statutory conditions.<\/p><p>As a rule, an action for a declaration of absolute nullity is not subject to limitation. Nevertheless, check any special rule and the precise nature of the relief sought.<\/p><h2>Relative nullity<\/h2><p>Relative nullity concerns breach of a rule protecting a particular interest, for example in specified cases of incapacity or defective consent. Only the person whose interest is protected may generally invoke it, and the court does not ordinarily raise it of its own motion.<\/p><p>The annulment action is subject to limitation, with starting points and exceptions depending on the ground relied on. Relative nullity may also be raised as a defence under the Civil Code\u2019s conditions.<\/p><h2>Confirmation and consequences<\/h2><p>A voidable contract may be confirmed by the entitled person if the statutory conditions are met. Absolute nullity is not ordinarily capable of confirmation, subject to the statutory exceptions.<\/p><p>A declaration of nullity or annulment generally produces the Civil Code\u2019s consequences, including restitution of performances. Special rules and third-party rights may affect that assessment.<\/p><h2>What to check in an individual case<\/h2><p>Start with the contract and the documents surrounding its conclusion: required form, capacity, consent, subject matter, cause, registration or publicity requirements and any special legislation.<\/p><p>Identify the rule breached, the interest protected and the remedy requested. The applicable period cannot be determined solely from the label \u201cabsolute\u201d or \u201crelative\u201d nullity.<\/p><p>See the <a href=\"https:\/\/legislatie.just.ro\/Public\/DetaliiDocument\/304560\">Civil Code<\/a>, Articles 1246\u20131254. This article provides general information; assessing a particular contract requires its documents and the relevant deadlines.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nulitatea este sanc\u021biunea aplicabil\u0103 unui contract \u00eencheiat cu \u00eenc\u0103lcarea condi\u021biilor de validitate prev\u0103zute de lege, dac\u0103 legea nu stabile\u0219te o alt\u0103 sanc\u021biune. Codul civil distinge \u00eentre nulitatea absolut\u0103 \u0219i cea relativ\u0103. \u00cencadrarea depinde de norma \u00eenc\u0103lcat\u0103 \u0219i de interesul pe care aceasta \u00eel protejeaz\u0103; simpla invocare a unei nereguli nu stabile\u0219te automat nulitatea. Nulitatea absolut\u0103 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6582,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[177],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6581","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-drept-civil"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Nulitatea contractului: absolut\u0103 sau relativ\u0103, termene \u0219i efecte - Avocat Bucuresti<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/avocatbucuresti.ro\/en\/the-nullity-of-contracts-when-it-occurs-and-what-it-entails\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nulitatea contractului: absolut\u0103 sau relativ\u0103, termene \u0219i efecte - Avocat Bucuresti\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nulitatea este sanc\u021biunea aplicabil\u0103 unui contract \u00eencheiat cu \u00eenc\u0103lcarea condi\u021biilor de validitate prev\u0103zute de lege, dac\u0103 legea nu stabile\u0219te o alt\u0103 sanc\u021biune. Codul civil distinge \u00eentre nulitatea absolut\u0103 \u0219i cea relativ\u0103. \u00cencadrarea depinde de norma \u00eenc\u0103lcat\u0103 \u0219i de interesul pe care aceasta \u00eel protejeaz\u0103; simpla invocare a unei nereguli nu stabile\u0219te automat nulitatea. 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